[Behavior patterns of the population in relation to health].

In order to identify the basic patterns of behavior that reflect the attitude of Russians to their health, a large corpus of relevant scientific literature was analyzed, as well as actual statistical data and the results of representative sociological studies concerning various aspects of both self-preserving and self-destructive behavior of Russians. As a result, four basic models of behavior were formed and described, which differ in a set of positive and negative attitudes and characteristic lines of behavior in relation to one's health («a convinced healthy lifestyle person¼, «a beginner healthy lifestyle person¼, «irresponsible¼ and «self-destructive¼). Based on the analysis of statistics and sociological information, it was concluded that even the behavioral model of a «beginner healthy lifestyle person¼ is implemented by a very minority of Russians. At best, the majority of the population adheres to the «irresponsible¼ pattern of behavior that involves refusing or reducing the consumption of alcohol and tobacco, but not assuming a rational diet, adequate sleep, physical and medical activity. Hence the task of everyone who has the opportunity to influence citizens, including medical workers, to convey to them the idea that health and longevity are achieved only through systematic and comprehensive efforts. In addition, a number of common misconceptions and unrealistic expectations related to healthy lifestyles were highlighted. Attention is drawn to the fact that subjects capable of exerting an educational impact on citizens, including medical specialists, should not only provide patients with useful knowledge, but also try to protect them from misconceptions and unfounded expectations.

[Urban stress of a megalopolis resident: stress factors and correctioN].

Residents of a megalopolis are constantly exposed to urban stress - the combined effects of a number of different extreme factors and living conditions of the urban environment. Urban stress of a megalopolis resident has an extreme complex multifactorial effect on his body and psyche. The features of the existing subspecies of urban stress (ecological, psychological, social, informational, professional, related to the pandemic), as well as the main stress factors causing them, are considered. The medical and social features of urban stress are described. The consequences of exposure to urban stress, directly related to human health disorders, include the so-called «urban stress diseases¼ or «diseases of civilization¼, primarily psychosomatic diseases. It is determined that urban stress is a multifactorial complex of stress factors affecting the physical and mental health of megalopolis residents. Due to the fact that an increasing number of megalopolis residents are experiencing the negative impact of an aggressive urban environment, it is necessary both to formalize stress factors in order to possibly correct them to improve the quality of life of citizens, and to develop appropriate optimizing medical and social recommendations. Modern organizational and medical and social measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of urban stress on the health of megalopolis residents are considered. It is proposed to minimize the negative impact of extreme urban stress factors on the physical and mental health of megalopolis residents by using therapeutic and preventive strategies to increase their stress resistance. There are a number of different organizations and departments in Moscow that provide psychological and psychotherapeutic support. Also, in order to determine the level of the body's reserves and stress resistance, it is possible to undergo a comprehensive examination both in the nearest polyclinic and in the nearest park within the framework of the Healthy Moscow program.

[Characteristics of the value-based attitude of medical workers to healthy lifestyle].

Reduction in the medical labor reserve leads to economic losses, therefore, the issue related to medical personnel health improvement is relevant at all management levels in healthcare. The article presents results of the survey of doctors in Moscow, reflecting their own attitude to a healthy lifestyle and related self-preserving behavior patterns. The searches focused on the analysis of activities of medical workers related to health improvement and promotion and analysis of psychosocial attitudes of medical workers. The article presents results of the survey of doctors of different specialty providing primary health care at Moscow polyclinics. The survey used Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, HPLP-II. HPLP-II is actively used by both foreign and Russian scientists. It has been validated on the Russian sample. Respondents give their responses scoring the degree of their agreement with an item by the following blocks (health responsibility, physical activity, spiritual growth, nutrition, interpersonal relations and stress management). Using this questionnaire, the authors have evaluated healthy lifestyle of medical workers as a multicomponent structure for better understanding of major priorities in self-preservation behavior of physicians. Based on the survey results, the authors have ranked the scales to identify priority factors affecting the formation of the value-based attitude to healthy lifestyle by medical workers.

[Dialogues with neural networks about the present and future of medical professions: risks and prospects].

The article examines the risks to social perception of health professions in the context of the growing popularity of generative textual and visual neural networks. The article is consistent with the growing body of research that tends to see more risks of this technology, including for healthcare. The second focus of the article - the stereotypes about health professions - is critical, as they have been associated with negative outcomes for the healthcare system. The study primarily focuses on the perception of nursing professionals as most stereotyped by the public. Using uploads from the chatGPT, Kandinsky, and Shedevrum networks, the author has investigated the neural network's embedded perceptions of the nursing profession. Reproduction of certain stereotypes has been identified in all neural networks; the appearance stereotypes (gender, age, race, uniform) are more often shared by visual neural networks, while the function stereotypes (lack of autonomy, dependence on colleagues) - by text networks. Actually, we can assume the risks of a vicious circle, when the network is trained on the largely stereotypical data, and products based on its output increase the scale of stereotypical representations during subsequent training of the neural network. Developers' efforts to avoid reproducing stereotypes are acknowledged, however, the uploads show that they are not fully successful. To prevent the spread of perceptual distortions in neural networks, it is recommended to promote their sociohumanistic evaluation. A «prompt-experiment¼ is proposed as a mechanism for identifying such risks.

[Scientometric analysis of the main thematic fields and keywords in the subject area «Public health, environmental and occupational health¼].

Research in the field of public health at the global, national, regional and organizational levels continue to be relevant, attracting attention of the researchers who find new aspects of various problems and issues for consideration and analysis in this area. The paper presents results of a scientometric analytical study of the publication landscape for 2019-2021 in the field of public health, using the analytical platform SciVal, the data source for which is the international scientific database Scopus. The study shows positive dynamics and steady growth in most scientometric indicators in the subject area under consideration during the study period. A structural-functional and semantic-linguistic analysis of the top-50 keywords was also carried out, which showed that their ranking position significantly depends on the choice of one of two indicators: either by the number of publications or by relevance. Publications on public health are characterized by a polythematic distribution, providing researchers with the opportunity to make a wide choice in conducting scientific research in the branches of medical science they are interested in, taking into account scientometric indicators characterizing the publication landscape in these areas.

[Global demographic problem and active aging (literature review)].

The article presents an overview of foreign sources devoted to the problems of population aging as a significant phenomenon that has become the most important medical and socio-demographic challenge in the world. The review provides global data on this problem and shows the need for elaborating and implementing active aging strategies, optimizing opportunities for health, participation and safety in order to improve the life quality as people age. The paper employs the method of content analysis of scientific publications retrieved in PubMed database by keywords - «aging¼, «population aging¼, «demographic trend¼, «longevity¼, and «life expectancy¼. Scientific publications for the period 2018-2023, WHO and UN materials, statistical data, and popular scientific publications have been studied. The purpose of the review was to analyze trends and global nature of aging based on scientific publications and open sources, and to highlight the most promising areas of the demographic policy on the older adults. In the time of rapid demographic changes, it is extremely important to use all available opportunities that maximize healthy aging with the participation of the older adults. We should remember that aging is a natural process and it is better to accept it, both psychologically and physically, rather than ignore. Healthy aging should become and has become the main principle of life, suggesting a longer healthy life of the older adults, who, in turn, should understand how to accept and implement this principle in their lives.

[Developing intellectual potential of medical organizations: Russian realities].

INTRODUCTION: The Russian healthcare system is in the process of transformation and changes, trying, on the one hand, to solve the accumulated problems, and on the other hand, to meet the modern agenda in the form of new challenges in the field of healthcare and rapidly developing information technologies. Meanwhile, in the course of ongoing reforms, questions of the formation and development of the intellectual potential of employees of medical organizations remain outside the brackets. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to rethink various approaches to intellectual potential, and to identify trends in this area. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The information base of the study was the Federal State Statistics Service data, as well as a mass questionnaire survey among doctors and nurses. RESULTS: The study showed that the number of residents and graduate students is increasing, while the proportion of those who defended their dissertations is decreasing, so it is premature to talk about the development and growth of the base of intellectual potential in the medical field, this issue requires additional study to develop measures to reverse the situation. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to improve the management efficiency in medical organizations, create a favorable socio-psychological climate in the team. To solve these problems, the authors highlight the necessary areas of work of medical organizations. CONCLUSIONS: The article provides a review of theoretical approaches to the concept of «intellectual potential¼, identification of its role in the development and growth of organizations, methods for assessing its components. The analysis of adaptability of these approaches to the work of medical organizations has been undertaken.

Genetic Diversity of Listeria Detected in the Production Environment of Meat Processing.

The safety of food production as concerns Listeria is the key to the sanitary wellbeing of manufactured products. Molecular-genetic methods for the analysis of Listeria, including whole-genome sequencing, are effective in monitoring persistent contaminants and in the epidemic investigation of cases of foodborne infections. They have been adopted in the European Union, United States, and Canada. In Russia, multilocus and whole-genome sequencing has proven itself in the analysis of clinical food isolates and Listeria from the environment. The objective of the study was molecular-genetic characterization of Listeria detected in the industrial environment of meat processing. To characterize the Listeria isolates, microbiological methods were used according to GOST (State Standard) 32031-2012, as well as multilocus sequencing, including the analysis of seven housekeeping genes and four virulence genes, as well as whole-genome sequencing. In swabs that were positive for the presence of Listeria spp. taken at two meat-processing plants in Moscow, Listeria monocytogenes constituted 81% and L. welshimeri 19%. The predominant genotype (Sequence Type, ST) of L. monocytogenes was ST8. The variety was supplemented with ST321, ST121, and ST2330 (CC9 (Clonal Complex 9)). L. welshimeri, which prevailed in the second production, was represented by ST1050 and ST2331. The genomic characteristics of L. welshimeri isolates confirmed that they have high adaptive capabilities both as concerns production conditions (including resistance to disinfectants) and the metabolic peculiarities of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. L. monocytogenes CC9 and CC121 are also correlated with food production in other countries. However, L. monocytogenes CC8 and CC321 can cause invasive listeriosis. The concordance in the internalin profile of the ST8 isolates from the industrial environment with the clinical isolates ST8 and ST2096 (CC8) is a cause for concern. The study showed the effectiveness of molecular-genetic methods in determining the diversity of Listeria detected in the production environment of meat processing, and laid the foundation for monitoring of persistent contaminants.

[THE EVOLUTION OF PROACTIVE DISPENSARY MONITORING IN THE MOSCOW HEALTHCARE SYSTEM].

Economic and social losses due to epidemics of non-communicable diseases have put prevention and control of them on the first line in the field of sustainable development of the United Nations. The tasks of combating NCDs and risk factors within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals require targeted actions on the part of States in the field of policy and legislation and provision of health systems with appropriate resources. In the Russian Federation, such work is being implemented within the framework of the national project "Healthcare", federal programs to combat oncological and cardiovascular diseases. Each subject takes into account the peculiarities of economic development, staffing, implementation of informatization processes, etc. The rapid pace of transformation of Moscow healthcare, its unique institutional structure allowed to form the basis for the effective development of a system of proactive dispensary monitoring of patients suffering from chronic diseases. The authors describe the process of formation of preventive work and organization of dynamic dispensary observation in Moscow. The paper presents in detail the organizational, administrative and technological resources used to create a unique system of dynamic dispensary observation. In addition, the article illustrates the personalized subsystem of dynamic dispensary observation in EMIAS and the institute of "physician assistant". The introduction of a proactive dispensary monitoring system will reduce premature mortality and disability among residents of the city. Moscow through an individual monitoring program and motivation for the responsible attitude of metropolitan patients to their health.

[CORPORATE CULTURE IN A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION: THE ETHNO-CONFESSIONAL AFFILIATION OF PATIENTS].

The purpose of the article is to study approaches to the development of corporate culture of healthcare workers in terms of forming a tolerant attitude towards patients belonging to various ethno-cultural and confessional groups. Among the measures of managerial influence is the further development of the foundations of the corporate culture of employees of medical organizations, which can contribute to solving the problem of attracting patients belonging to a variety of national and religious groups. The results of the analysis (systematization of scientific literature and sociological survey in the form of interviews conducted by the authors of the article) of the main problems, the solution of which is associated with the development of corporate culture, showed that the attitude of patients and medical personnel to euthanasia, termination of pregnancy, death (including suicide); methods of reproduction of life (artificial conception, surrogacy); obstacles to religious rituals during the treatment of patients.This article presents conclusions on the analysis of these problems and possible approaches to their solution: the authors propose measures for the formation of new competencies in corporate culture (as a set of formal and informal requirements in a medical organization imposed on its employees) aimed at preventing and overcoming conflict situations arising from misunderstandings in relationships between patients and medical staff.

[CENTER FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL PREVENTION IN MOSCOW: ISSUES OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS].

The authors have identified the priorities of the CPHMC based on the results of the Center's work in 2021 and the trends in the development of public health in Moscow. Along with this, the preferred directions for the development of the public health system in the city of Moscow are highlighted. Scientific research in the areas of work of the Center for Medical Health Care allows using reliable and up-to-date scientific information in the work of health care in Moscow, which makes it possible to improve not only the quality, but also the volume of work performed, projects of management decisions in the field of public health. As part of the activities of the CPHMC, it is planned to expand the range of activities related to the formation of the health of labor collectives and to draw the attention of employers to corporate public health programs to the maximum.

[DIGITAL THERAPY TECHNOLOGIES (LITERATURE REVIEW)].

This article presents an analysis of international experience in the implementation of digital therapeutics technologies in health care. The features of digital therapeutics products: their distinction from digital health products and digital medicine are highlighted. An analysis of the global market for digital therapeutics is presented. The aspects of regulation of digital therapeutics and the barriers to its implementation are presented. The importance of digital therapeutics for the transition of health systems to a value-based management model is discussed.

[The organizational culture of medical organizations as a factor of carrier orientations of medical personnel].

The problems of professional advancement of medical personnel, their professional formation and professional career have enduring importance in connection with development and improvement of medical care system in any society. The purpose of the study is to investigate characteristics of influence of type of organizational culture of medical organizations on career orientations of medical personnel. The study covered sampling of 7 364 employees of medical organizations. The complex of psycho-diagnostic techniques was applied that permitted to examine prevailing type of organizational culture of medical organizations (The R. Harrison questionnaire adapted by S. A. Lipatov), preferences of medical personnel in building up their professional career (E. Schein questionnaire "Carrier Anchors"), and their concepts about competitive medical worker (semantic differential - 16 opposite personality characteristics). The statistical methods included standard procedures of primary mathematical processing of empirical data (frequency and percentage distribution, calculation of mean group indices, standard deviation and dispersions), comparative analysis using Student's test (correctness of criterion application was checked by the Libya test), Spearman correlation analysis. It is established that under developed organizational culture of medical organization, its orientations towards task and personality, with team cohesion and high level of value-orientated unity of their members, medical workers have consistency of concepts concerning career and a unity of career orientations targeted to professional competence and service to other people that determines quality of medical care.

[ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH THE MEDICAL ORGANIZATION AND ITS SERVICES].

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the medical organization must be aware of the target patient: to know who he is, how and why he wants to receive a particular medical service. All the information received and its analysis will allow us to develop a real scheme of mutually beneficial communication, convenient for each of the parties-the medical organization and the patient, which will allow us to reveal the weaknesses in the work and respond to them in a timely manner. The purpose of the study: to form an assessment of the patient's satisfaction with the medical organization and its services, taking into account the interest, feelings, purpose, arguments and thoughts that appear in the patient from the moment of the first contact with the clinic, with the display of the point of contact in graphic form, in order to minimize all possible obstacles in his route to receiving quality medical services and increasing the economic efficiency of the clinic.

[CHANGING THE FUNCTIONALITY: HOW DO MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS PERCEIVE INNOVATIONS?]

The article is devoted to the study of the issue of changing the functionality of nurses, analyzing the opinions of nurses and doctors themselves on the implementation of such an innovation, assessing the benefits and consequences associated with expanding the functions and increasing the role of nurses in the medical community. The research is based on CHAID-analysis of data from a questionnaire survey conducted in 2020, which revealed the respondents' attitude to the idea of improving the status of nurses and expanding their functions, expectations of the possible reaction of the medical community and patients to this innovation, and the development of so-called «trees¼ of classifications for various variables. The collected and systematized data on changes in the functionality of nurses can serve as a starting point for the possible expansion of the functions and powers of nurses in the metropolitan health care, as well as increasing the role and status of nurses in the professional environment. The results of the Moscow study presented in the article confirm the conclusions of other scientists and practitioners from the Russian regions, in which a pilot project has already been implemented to change the functionality of nurses.

[THE ASSESSMENT OF THE RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF THE AMBULATORY-POLYCLINICAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE MOSCOW HEALTHCARE SYSTEM].

Scientific research and their inclusion in the health care system is an important part of modern medical science. To study the readiness of primary care physicians as well as administration staff to introduce a research component into the national health care system, "The Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management of Moscow Healthcare Department" conducted an online survey of two groups of respondents - physicians of primary care settings (n = 593) and heads of outpatient clinics in Moscow (n = 168) in 2021. The results of the study show the insufficient involvement of primary care doctors in research activities in their working places: more than half do not consider scientific activities as a priority, motivating it by the lack of conditions, practical skills, age and health status as well as high level of employment, although they do not reject it in the future. Heads of Moscow primary health care settings demonstrate similar answers. According to their opinion, research activities are poorly represented in organizations of this type, and most likely the situation will not be changed in the near future; about half do not have sufficient information about the number of employees engaged in scientific work and are rarely familiar with their topics (often extensive, represented by various fields of medicine); about one third of managers reported participating in research projects of Moscow City Department of Health. The study made it possible to identify barriers that prevent the introduction of research components into the activities of Moscow primary health care organizations, which should be taken into account when making managerial decisions.

[DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL READINESS OF DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICINE BASED ON THE TRL METHODOLOGY].

The article discusses an approach to assessing the level of maturity of medical technologies based on the TRL (technology readiness level) methodology. The author presents a tool for planning scientific results and developments in the direction of «medical sciences¼ with a clear description of the expected results at each level of research and development. The levels of technological maturity of developments in the field of healthcare are described in detail, possible results and reporting forms for each level are presented, their differences are analyzed depending on the planned final product. Also presented are proposals for the distribution of powers between the state and business to finance the process of creating and implementing a new medical technology, depending on its stage of maturity.

[MOTIVATION OF MEDICAL STAFF DURING THE SPREAD OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC].

The article is devoted to the consideration of the issues of motivation of medical personnel to work effectively in an extreme situation of a pandemic (COVID-19). The paper presents a sociological analysis of the working conditions of medical workers in the situation of the spread of a new coronavirus infection and the problems faced by medical workers in providing medical care in a pandemic. A content analysis of Russian regulatory documents regulating the requirements for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus was carried out. A survey was conducted by the method of a semi-formalized interview from June 15 to June 30, 2020 among employees of medical organizations. The authors analyzed the results of the study and concluded that medical workers remain the main resource in the fight against a new pandemic, and, unfortunately, one of the most vulnerable groups.

[The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vocational education in Russia and foreign countries].

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sphere of higher education in conditions of limited attendance of educational institutions, the transition to a new format of education and the search for solutions in response to the challenges of the education system in a critical situation. In the context of the outbreak of a new coronavirus infection, the pandemic has had the greatest impact on the field of education (including vocational) on a global scale. However, this area, despite a number of certain problems, has become one one of the few industries that turned out to be prepared to transfer most of their processes online. Currently, national governments, international organizations and research centers are conducting research on the problems of the education system common to most States that arise on the way to the transition to the digital format of education. Study of the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 in the field of higher education was conducted based on the results of a report by the Vladimir Potanin Charitable Foundation, the National Training Foundation and a VTSIOM survey in June 2020.

[SELF-ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION OF CITIZENS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC].

The article deals with topical issues of changing the socio-economic state of citizens under the influence of the situation with the spread of a new coronavirus infection that swept the entire world at the beginning of this year. Currently, society is asking whether people's attitudes to each other will change, how the economic situation in general and the financial situation of citizens will develop, in particular, in the conditions of active use of remote technologies, the development of Internet resources and the transition to digitalization, which are gaining popularity in conditions of self-isolation and restrictions on mass events. The article uses the results of a survey of the research project «Self-organization and mutual assistance in countering the spread of coronavirus infection¼, conducted by the center for research of civil society and the non-profit sector of the Higher School of Economics. The responses of respondents regarding the introduction of digitalization, increasing online opportunities, both in terms of work, training, and entertainment and communication, converge and confirm the prospects for development. However, while volunteers are optimistic about digitalization, representatives of the civilian population are more concerned about strengthening the digital control of the state over the lives of citizens.